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Home
Nokia Ip Neworking
NOKIA- Stage 1
Nokia- STAGE 2
Knowledge sharing
THE OSI MODEL
Nokia Stage 2a: TCP/IP
Network Interfaces
Layer 2 Protocols
Layer 2-Ethernet
Nokia SR Family-7750
SROS system Boot up
Command Line Interface
MDA and IOMs
Security and LOG
Ethernet Redundancy
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  • Nokia Ip Neworking
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  • Nokia- STAGE 2
  • Knowledge sharing
  • THE OSI MODEL
  • Nokia Stage 2a: TCP/IP
  • Network Interfaces
  • Layer 2 Protocols
  • Layer 2-Ethernet
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  • Command Line Interface
  • MDA and IOMs
  • Security and LOG
  • Ethernet Redundancy
Networking Niche
  • Home
  • Nokia Ip Neworking
  • NOKIA- Stage 1
  • Nokia- STAGE 2
  • Knowledge sharing
  • THE OSI MODEL
  • Nokia Stage 2a: TCP/IP
  • Network Interfaces
  • Layer 2 Protocols
  • Layer 2-Ethernet
  • Nokia SR Family-7750
  • SROS system Boot up
  • Command Line Interface
  • MDA and IOMs
  • Security and LOG
  • Ethernet Redundancy

nETWORK INTERFACE

Layer 1

In this course, we will concentrate on routing (Layer 3) and switching (Layer 2), which will be the main focus of our sessions together. Of course, we will also cover topics such as transport (Layer 4) and physical (Layer 1). Ultimately, by the end of this course, you will have the skills to route and switch, particularly with Nokia devices.

Layer 1 devices

Certain devices are specifically engineered to function at Layer 1 of the OSI model and the Network Interface Layer of the TCP/IP model. Their sole purpose is to transfer signals from one point to another without making intelligent decisions. These devices can be thought of as conduits; a signal enters at one end and simply flows through to the other end. 

Examples of Layer 1 devices include:

1) Hubs

2) Cables

3) Repeaters


Layer 1 protocols

There are numerous protocols functioning at the first layer. Protocols, which are rules that dictate data formatting and processing, are essential for interoperability between different vendors. Some protocols present in Layer 1 include 10BaseT, 10Base2, 10Base5, 100Base-TX, 802.11, DSL, ISDN, X.25, among others. In this session, we will concentrate on the protocols that are most commonly encountered in work environments and on the Nokia Exam.

We'll be discussing twisted pair cables extensively, so let's decode the naming convention. For instance, 1) 10BaseT signifies a 10 Mbps speed, baseband, and twisted pair. Similarly, 2) 1000BaseT stands for 1000 Mbps, baseband, and twisted pair. Remember, 'T' always refers to copper. 

It should be noted that the primary unit of communication in Layer 1 is bits.



Layer 2

Data Link

At this layer, interesting network structures such as Virtual Local Area Networks (VLAN), Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), Epipe, and cPipe exist. Several protocols have been developed to facilitate networking at this level. Devices primarily communicate with each other on this layer using MAC addresses. Some of the protocols found on Layer 2 include ARP, ATM, Ethernet, Frame Relay, and FDDI. 

The complexities in these protocols can be simplified into two key functions: 1) Frames are transmitted across the network. 2) Frames are directed to the correct destination by identifying the MAC addresses of the intended devices.


Layer 2 networks are classified into 3 categories. 

1) Point to Point Network

2) Shared Networks

3)Circuit based Networks.

Layer 2 networks

Point to Point

This describes a direct connection between two devices, which can be established through a wired, cabled, or wireless link. It is straightforward and does not necessitate addressing the source or destination. Examples of this architecture that we encounter include:

1) The link between a device and its remote control

2) Microwave communication links

3) Connecting two computers with cables, among others.

an example of a protocol used here is the PPP - Point to point protocol

Shared Networks

A shared network, also referred to as a multipoint connection, occurs when multiple devices communicate with each other using the same medium, such as a cable, switch, or 802.11 protocol. Instead of a dedicated link, each device takes turns using the shared medium, with the sequence determined by whichever protocol the network engineer has chosen to implement, such as Ethernet. 

an Example of protocol used here is the ATM 

Circuit based Network

   Circuit-based communication employs dedicated channels or virtual circuits to establish a connection between two devices in different locations. Sometimes, the system is designed so that the circuit is established only for the duration of transmission and is dismantled when not in use.

An example of the protocol used here is the Ethernet

Layer 2 Proocols
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